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American Zoologist 1975 15(1):119-133; doi:10.1093/icb/15.1.119
© 1975 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Phylogeny of Lymphocyte Structure and Function

NICHOLAS COHEN
Division of Immunology of the Department of Microbiology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York 14642

Data from mammalian systems on the molecular basis of immune recognition, on the structural and functional heterogeneity of lymphocytes, and on the interactions between lymphocytes have provided guidelines for examining the lymphocyte from a phylogenetic perspective. Current information indicates that regardless of the variability of organized lymphoid tissues and the sometimes subtle diversity of immune responses in evolutionarily distant forms, the small lymphocyte has been maintained both morphologically and as an effector of immune reactivities throughout vertebrate phylogeny. Moreover, the basic properties of the mammalian lymphocytes—the discriminatory recognition of nonself plus the amplification steps that follow such a recognition event appear to be common to lymphocytes from all vertebrates. Although examples of lymphocyte heterogeneity and cellular cooperation have been reported for representative elasmobranchs, teleosts, and amphibians, the extent and nature of lymphocyte diversity remain as major unsolved problems currently being investigated by immunologists.


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