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American Zoologist 1984 24(2):355-366; doi:10.1093/icb/24.2.355
© 1984 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Genetic Variation Underlying Sexual Behavior and Reproduction1

WILLIAM H. CADE
Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1

Selection depletes additive genetic variation underlying traits important in fitness. Intense mating competition and female choice may result in negligible heritability in males. Females often appear to choose mates, however, suggesting genetic variation in males which is important to females. Evidence is reviewed on allelic substitutions, karyotypic variation, and especially the heritable variation of continuous traits involved in sexual behavior and reproduction. Phenotypic variation in male mating speed and courtship intensity, female mating and oviposition behavior, egg size and number, body size, parthenogenesis, and the sex ratio generally have heritable variation. The maintenance of genetic variation, and the meaning of heritability estimates for natural populations is considered.


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