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American Zoologist 1986 26(1):71-79; doi:10.1093/icb/26.1.71
© 1986 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Niche Expansion and Contraction in a Variable Environment1

H. RONALD PULLIAM
Department of Zoology, University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602

When food is abundant, sparrows are found in great variety of habitats and appear to specialize on particularly profitable types of seeds. However, during periods of food scarcity, each sparrow species occupies a very narrow range of habitats but consumes a great variety of seeds within each occupied habitat. As a result, average dietary overlap may underestimate the potential for competition for food within habitats during periods of food shortage whereas average habitat overlap overestimates the potential for competition since each species occupies a different habitat during periods of food shortage.


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