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American Zoologist 1989 29(2):653-666; doi:10.1093/icb/29.2.653
© 1989 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Viruses, Genes and Cancer1

J. MICHAEL BISHOP
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, California 94143

Cancer takes many forms and has many causes. But it is possible to unite these many forms and causes with a single hypothesis: that cancer may be a malady of genes, that abnormalities of genes usually lie at the heart of the disease. Recent research has uncovered evidence that this hypothesis may be correct. Many human tumors contain genetic damage that can account for cancerous growth. The damage affects genes that are normally vital to normal growth and development, but that have run amok in cancer cells. The prevention and treatment of cancer has until now been based on trial and error. The identification and characterization of damaged genes in human tumors points the way to new and more rational strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer.


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