© 1994 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
The Changing Roles of Zoological Parks in Conserving Biological Diversity1
Chicago Zoological Society Brookfield, Illinois 60513
SYNOPSIS. Zoological parks are evolving institutions in respect to the conservation of biological diversity. From past functions in recreation as menageries and in education as living museums, they are coming to discharge these functions, plus other meaningful ones in research and conservation, as internationally oriented conservation centers. Education is the primary function in conservation, but zoos have begun to make significant contributions as genetic refuges and reservoirs, especially for large vertebrate species threatened with extinction. In developing this capacity zoos have fostered investigations into several facets of small population biology. These have extended to simulation modelling to help predict the outcome of various combinations of ecological, genetic, and demographic factors on the viability of populations in captivity and in the wild. Because resources of zoos are limited in respect to their enlarged functions in conservation and research, they are encouraging development of criteria to help prioritize actions for conservation of biodiversity. North American, European, and Australian zoos are meanwhile assisting the development of technical capacities among zoo counterparts, government agencies, and protected areas in both developing and developed countries of the world to further the conservation of biodiversity. Similar involvement by other biological institutions and by biological professional associations can make important contributions to policies of nations and actions of people that determine the prospects for survival of much of the biota.