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American Zoologist 1995 35(1):68-78; doi:10.1093/icb/35.1.68
© 1995 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Endocrine Mechanisms in Crayfish, with Emphasis on Reproduction and Neurotransmitter Regulation of Hormone Release1

MILTON FINGERMAN
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana 70118

SYNOPSIS. The neuroendocrine system of crustaceans, crayfish in particular, has been extensively studied. As among vertebrates, a wide variety of processes are hormonally regulated, including reproduction, growth, carbohydrate metabolism and color changes. The sinus gland, a neurohemal organ in the crayfish eyestalk, is the major neuroendocrine center. Herein, crayfish reproductive cycles and their hormonal control, particularly by the gonad-stimulating and gonad/inhibiting hormones, are a major focus. In addition, the aminergic and peptidergic neuroregulators identified in crayfish central nervous organs that either have been or likely may be shown to have neurotransmitter/neuromodulator roles in controlling hormone release are discussed with respect to localization and identified roles.


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