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American Zoologist 1996 36(4):389-391; doi:10.1093/icb/36.4.389
© 1996 by The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
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Risk Sensitivity in Behavior: Where Are We Now? Introduction to the Symposium1

PETER D. SMALLWOOD and RALPH V. CARTAR2
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

Risk-sensitive behavior is the phenomenon of animals exhibiting preferences when offered choices whose outcomes differ in their degree of variance. It is now well demonstrated that many animals are sensitive to differences in the magnitude of variance in rewards. A considerable body of literature on risk sensitivity has been generated in recent years, encompassing theoretical and empirical work, from both functional and mechanistic approaches. Nevertheless, it is less than clear how animal preferences for variability are determined. It is therefore timely to look broadly at what has been accomplished, and to identify the most promising synthetic approaches for future work.


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