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Integrative and Comparative Biology Advance Access published online on June 12, 2006
Integrative and Comparative Biology, doi:10.1093/icb/icl009
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Metamorphosis: A Multikingdom Approach

Applying the concept of metamorphosis to the crustose-to-erect thallus transition of macroalgae

B. Santelices 1 * and J. Alvarado 2
1 Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
2 Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
B. Santelices, E-mail: bsanteli{at}bio.puc.cl


  Abstract

Synopsis Metamorphosis is broadly defined as a more or less radical morphological change between 2 multicellular life stages within an organism's life phase, often marking the transition from pre-reproductive to reproductive stages. It involves structural reorganization and major physiological changes, generally under the control of endogenous and exogenous factors and often resulting in changes in habitat use. This concept has been applied to the crustose-to-erect thallus transition of some red algae and the present study evaluates the validity of such hypotheses. Available literature suggests that the crustose-to-erect thallus transition involves significant morphological and habitat changes, separating pre-reproductive and reproductive stages. The onset of the morphological changes (for example axis differentiation) appears regulated by endogenous signals (growth factors) and growth is modified by environmental factors. The algae do not exhibit structural reorganization, however, probably due to their simple morphological structure and the lack of several cell and tissue mechanisms involving cell motility. The presence of cell walls in the algae impairs cell motility and maintains the cell in a fixed position within the plant. These are important differences restricting the extension of the definition of metamorphosis to the crust-to-erect thallus transition. The above restrictions also seem to apply to other macroalgae, fungi, and terrestrial plants.

From the symposium "Metamorphosis: A Multikingdom Approach" presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 4-8, 2006, at Orlando, Florida.
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